Dust mites are tiny bugs. Yes, actual living bugs, that are primarily found in humid areas of the household such as beds, closets, and other small areas. They feed on dead skin and thrive in humidity, which is why they like to live in mattresses and bedding. They do not bite or burrow under the skin and are not parasitic, so they go mostly unnoticed besides the allergy symptoms that they cause.
What symptoms do they cause?
Dust mites can be the reason for any number of allergy symptoms, including: coughing, itching, runny nose, headaches, sleepiness, sore throat, watery eyes, and more. Dust mites could be the primary allergen giving you problems, or part of many other triggers that are causing your symptoms. Usually, attacking the dust mite problem will improve symptoms even if they are not the only cause.
Can you get rid of dust mites?
While you can limit the growth and overall number of dust mites in your home, its nearly impossible to get rid of them completely. But, you can definitely limit their growth enough to lessen allergy symptoms if you put in the work. The most effective way to kill dust mites is to wash bedding at high temperatures as often as possible. The hot water kills the dust mites and doing this consistently will keep them at bay. Another good idea is to use a dehumidifier as dust mites need around 80% humidity or higher to survive, so lowering the humidity will create an environment they cannot live in.
There are also sheets, pillow cases, and even mattresses that are designed to prevent dust mites from growing. These can be effective but you will want to continue washing them regularly as well and using a dehumidifier for the most benefit.
Are there other treatment options besides getting rid of dust mites?
Like any other allergy, it can be treated with antihistamines, medications, and immunotherapy. We can allergy test you to dust mites along with other common allergens and start treatment with weekly shots or drops that help build up your immunity. This trains your body to recognize dust mites as harmless and not have an immune response (i.e. allergy symptoms) when you come in contact with them. This can be done with any allergen, including dust mites.